*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}:root{color-scheme:light dark;--bg: #f7f6f2;--fg: #201d19;--muted: #6e6960;--accent: #9a3d24;--border: #e0dcd3;--code-bg: #efece5;--font-serif: ui-serif, "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--font-mono: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", "Cascadia Code", Menlo, Consolas, monospace}:root[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--bg: #181714;--fg: #e7e3da;--muted: #99937f;--accent: #d98d64;--border: #363228;--code-bg: #211f19}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme]){color-scheme:dark;--bg: #181714;--fg: #e7e3da;--muted: #99937f;--accent: #d98d64;--border: #363228;--code-bg: #211f19}}body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--fg);font-family:var(--font-serif);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.7;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.measure{max-width:66ch;margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:1.25rem}h1{font-size:1.9rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.2;margin:3rem 0 1.25rem}h2{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.3;margin:3rem 0 .85rem}h3{font-size:1.0625rem;font-weight:600;margin:2.25rem 0 .6rem}.svc-h{font-size:1.0625rem;margin:1.5rem 0 .25rem}p,ul,ol{margin:0 0 1rem}a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.15em;text-decoration-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 45%,transparent)}a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:1px}::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--bg)}hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin:2.5rem 0}small,.meta{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.01em;color:var(--muted)}.todo{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8em;color:var(--accent);background:var(--code-bg);padding:.05em .35em;border-radius:3px}.skip-link{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:0;z-index:1;background:var(--bg);color:var(--accent);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;padding:.5rem 1rem}.skip-link:focus{left:0}.site-header{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-block:1.75rem .85rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.site-name{color:var(--fg);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;text-decoration:none}.site-name:hover{color:var(--accent)}.site-header nav{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:1.1rem;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.02em}.site-header nav a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.site-header nav a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.site-header .lang-switcher{display:flex;column-gap:.75ch;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.01em}.lang-switcher>*+*:before{content:"· ";color:var(--border)}.lang-switcher a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.lang-switcher a:hover,.lang-switcher a:focus-visible{color:var(--accent)}.lang-switcher span[aria-current]{color:var(--fg)}main.measure{min-height:60vh}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:4rem;padding-block:1.1rem 2.5rem;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.01em;color:var(--muted)}.site-footer a{color:var(--muted)}.site-footer a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.essay-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:2rem 0}.essay-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:7.5rem 1fr;column-gap:1rem;padding-block:.85rem;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}.essay-list .essay-empty{display:block}.essay-list li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.essay-date{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.01em;color:var(--muted);padding-top:.2em}.essay-title{font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;color:var(--fg)}.essay-title:hover{color:var(--accent)}.essay-desc{margin:.15rem 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.95rem}@media(max-width:34rem){.essay-list li{grid-template-columns:1fr;row-gap:.15rem}}.diagram{margin:2.25rem 0}.diagram svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.diagram text{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.01em;fill:var(--fg)}.diagram .dg-sub{font-size:11px;fill:var(--muted)}.diagram .dg-box{fill:var(--code-bg);stroke:var(--border)}.diagram .dg-line{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1;fill:none}.diagram .dg-wan{stroke-dasharray:4 3}.diagram .dg-ring{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:1.5}.diagram .dg-node{fill:var(--bg);stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:1.5}.diagram .dg-ringlabel{fill:var(--accent)}.diagram figcaption{margin-top:.5rem;text-align:center}.pullquote{margin:1.5rem 0 2rem;padding-inline-start:1.1rem;border-inline-start:2px solid var(--accent)}.pullquote p{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-style:italic}.pullquote .meta{font-style:normal}.prose{margin-top:1.5rem}.prose code{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.85em}.prose :not(pre)>code{background:var(--code-bg);padding:.1em .35em;border-radius:3px}.prose pre{overflow-x:auto;padding:1rem 1.15rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:4px;line-height:1.55;font-size:.9rem}.prose blockquote{margin-inline:0;padding-inline-start:1.1rem;border-inline-start:2px solid var(--accent);color:var(--muted)}.prose table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.95rem;margin:1rem 0}.prose th,.prose td{border:1px solid var(--border);padding:.4rem .6rem;text-align:left}.prose th{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8125rem;letter-spacing:.01em}.prose sup a{text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8em}.prose .footnotes{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--border);font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}:root[data-theme=dark] .shiki,:root[data-theme=dark] .shiki span{color:var(--shiki-dark)!important;background-color:var(--shiki-dark-bg)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme]) .shiki,:root:not([data-theme]) .shiki span{color:var(--shiki-dark)!important;background-color:var(--shiki-dark-bg)!important}}@font-face{font-family:Web437 IBM VGA;src:url(/pixel/fonts/Web437_IBM_VGA_8x16.woff) format("woff");font-display:swap}.vga-text{font-family:Web437 IBM VGA,ui-monospace,monospace;font-size:16px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0}.notfound-blink{animation:nf-blink 1.1s steps(1) infinite}@keyframes nf-blink{50%{opacity:0}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.notfound-blink{animation:none}}.dos-window{display:block;max-width:min(calc(66ch - 2.5rem),calc(100% - 16px));min-inline-size:auto;margin:3.5rem auto 0;padding:6px 16px 18px;background:#00a;color:#fff;border:6px double #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 8px #00a}.dos-window-title{margin-inline:auto;padding:0 1ch;color:#5f5;background:#00a}.dos-out{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:6px 3ch;margin:8px 0 18px}.dos-hl{color:#ff5}.dos-buttons{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px 3ch}.dos-btn{display:inline-block;font:inherit;background:#aaa;color:#000;border:none;padding:4px 12px;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:8px 8px #000}.dos-btn:hover{background:#c8c8c8;color:#000}.dos-btn:active{transform:translate(8px,8px);box-shadow:none}.dos-btn:focus-visible{outline:2px dashed #ffff55;outline-offset:2px}.dos-window+.site-footer{margin-top:1.25rem;border-top:none}.dos-window{position:relative}.dos-window:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;pointer-events:none;background:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.14) 0,rgba(0,0,0,.14) 1px,transparent 1px,transparent 3px)}.dos-title-link{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.dos-title-link:hover,.dos-title-link:focus-visible{color:#fff}.dos-shell{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4 / 3;margin:2.5rem auto;padding:6px 12px 10px;text-align:left;font-size:clamp(9px,2.5vw,16px);line-height:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.dos-scrollback{flex:1;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden;white-space:pre}.dos-term .dos-scrollback{justify-content:flex-end}.dos-line{min-height:1em;flex:0 0 auto}.dos-promptline{display:flex;flex:0 0 auto}.dos-input{flex:1;min-width:0;background:none;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;caret-color:#fff;outline:none}.dos-window-off{background:#000;border-color:#000;box-shadow:0 0 0 8px #000}.dos-window-off .dos-window-title{visibility:hidden}.dos-off{flex:1;display:grid;place-items:center;text-align:center;color:#ff7a1a;padding:2rem 1rem}.dos-off p{margin:0}.trk{margin:2rem 0;color:#f5f2e8}.trk:focus,.trk:focus-visible{outline:none}.chip-monitor{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;max-width:min(33rem,calc(100% - 16px));aspect-ratio:4 / 3;margin:2.5rem auto;padding:4px 8px 6px;text-align:left;overflow:hidden;font-size:clamp(8px,2vw,13px);line-height:1.25}.chip-screen{flex:1;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:5px}.chip-monitor .trk-panel{border-width:2px;padding:3px 6px}.chip-monitor .trk-hdr{flex:0 0 auto;margin:0;gap:3px 9px}.chip-monitor .trk-cols{flex:1 1 auto;min-height:0;gap:5px}.chip-monitor .trk-pat{overflow:hidden;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.chip-monitor .trk-pat table{flex:0 0 auto}.chip-monitor .trk-inst{width:auto;flex:0 0 auto}.chip-monitor .trk-pat th,.chip-monitor .trk-pat td{padding:0 4px;white-space:nowrap}.chip-monitor .trk-foot{flex:0 0 auto;margin:0}.chip-monitor .trk-gap{margin-top:5px}.chip-monitor .trk-btn{padding:1px 7px;box-shadow:2px 2px #000}.chip-monitor .trk-btn:active{transform:translate(2px,2px);box-shadow:none}@media(max-width:40rem){.chip-monitor{aspect-ratio:auto;height:auto}}.trk-panel{background:#10131a;border:4px solid;border-color:#7d8794 #2a2f3a #2a2f3a #7d8794;padding:6px 8px}.trk-hdr{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:4px 16px;margin-bottom:8px}.trk-title{color:#2ee6d6}.trk-val{color:#ffd23a}.trk-adj{font:inherit;background:none;border:none;color:#7d8794;cursor:pointer;padding:0 2px}.trk-adj:hover{color:#f5f2e8}.trk-btn{padding:2px 10px;box-shadow:3px 3px #000}.trk-btn:active{transform:translate(3px,3px);box-shadow:none}.trk-cols{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:stretch}.trk-pat{flex:1;overflow-x:auto}.trk-pat table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.trk-pat th{color:#2ee6d6;text-align:left;padding:2px 6px;border-bottom:2px solid #2a2f3a;font-weight:400}.trk-pat td{padding:1px 6px;color:#85b573;white-space:pre;cursor:pointer}.trk-pat td:empty:after{content:" "}.trk-pat td.trk-rn{color:#59626f;cursor:default}.trk-q td{background:#151a24}.trk-ph td,.trk-ph td.trk-rn{background:#4a3208;color:#f8dc7a}.trk-cr td,.trk-cr td.trk-rn{background:#1b2130}td.trk-cur{outline:1px solid #2ee6d6;outline-offset:-1px}.trk-inst{width:13rem}.trk-inst div{padding:1px 4px}.trk-inst .trk-sel{background:#4a3208;color:#f8dc7a}.trk-dim{color:#59626f}.trk-gap{margin-top:12px}.trk-foot{margin-top:8px;color:#59626f}.trk-b{color:#f5f2e8}@media(max-width:44rem){.trk-cols{flex-direction:column}.trk-inst{width:auto}}.notfound-window{width:fit-content;margin:2.5rem auto;padding:6px 32px 18px;text-align:center}.notfound-window p{margin:0 0 16px}.shift-night{display:none}:root[data-theme=dark] .shift-day{display:none}:root[data-theme=dark] .shift-night{display:inline}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme]) .shift-day{display:none}:root:not([data-theme]) .shift-night{display:inline}}.yard{position:relative;width:min(656px,calc(100vw - 16px));margin:2rem 0 2rem 50%;transform:translate(-50%);background:#000;color:#f5f2e8}.yard:focus,.yard:focus-visible{outline:none}.yard-top{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:2px 24px;padding:4px 8px;background:#10131a;border-bottom:2px solid #000;color:#f8dc7a}.yard-ship{color:#2ee6d6}.yard-warn{color:#ff7a1a;margin-left:auto}.yard-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding:8px}.yard-map{position:relative;flex:0 1 488px;min-width:0}.yard-map canvas{display:block;width:100%;max-width:488px;image-rendering:pixelated;background:#10131a;border:4px solid;border-color:#2a2f3a #7d8794 #7d8794 #2a2f3a;cursor:crosshair;touch-action:manipulation}.yard-side{flex:1 1 120px;min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;padding:8px;background:#10131a;border:4px solid;border-color:#7d8794 #2a2f3a #2a2f3a #7d8794}.yard-mini canvas{display:block;margin:0 auto;width:100px;max-width:100%;image-rendering:pixelated;border:2px solid #000}.yard-unit{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px}.yard-unit canvas{width:52px;height:52px;flex:0 0 auto;image-rendering:pixelated;border:2px solid #000;background:#0c1424}.yard-nm{color:#2ee6d6}.yard-fu{color:#85b573}.yard-cmds{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:6px;margin-top:auto}.yard-btn{padding:6px 2px;text-align:center;box-shadow:4px 4px #000}.yard-btn:active,.yard-btn.yard-armed{transform:translate(4px,4px);box-shadow:none}.yard-msg{min-height:16px;padding:2px 16px 10px;text-shadow:1px 1px 0 #000}.yard-overlay{position:absolute;inset:4px;display:grid;place-items:center}.yard-start{background:#000;border:2px solid #7d8794;padding:12px 16px;text-align:center}.yard-start p{margin:0 0 12px}.yard-dialog{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);margin:0;width:max-content;max-width:calc(100% - 40px);text-align:center;z-index:2}.yard-dialog p{margin:0 0 12px}@media print{@page{size:A4;margin:18mm 20mm}:root,:root[data-theme=dark],:root:not([data-theme]){color-scheme:light;--bg: #fff;--fg: #000;--muted: #444;--accent: #000;--border: #bbb;--code-bg: #f2f2f2}.skip-link,.site-header,.site-footer,.dos-window{display:none}body{background:#fff;color:#000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.45}.measure{max-width:none;padding:0}h2,h3{break-after:avoid;page-break-after:avoid}p,li,.pullquote{break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid}a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}a[href^=http]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")";font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.75em;color:#444}h1{margin-top:0}}